Cases of Nouns
A noun's case shows its job: subjective (the doer), objective (the receiver), or possessive (the owner).
| Case | Job | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Subjective | does the action | Ali runs. |
| Objective | receives the action | I saw Ali. |
| Possessive | shows ownership | Ali's book |
The teacher praised the class. (subjective)
The class thanked the teacher. (objective)
This is the teacher's desk. (possessive)
The possessive adds 's (the boy's bag) or just ' for plural nouns already ending in s (the boys' bags).
Common mistake: Putting the apostrophe wrong: "the childrens' toys" → the children's toys (children is already plural).
✏️ Test Yourself
1. **The teacher** praised him.
2. We met **the teacher**.
3. **The teacher's** desk.
4. **Ali** kicked the ball.
📒 Words to learn
Meaning — To reveal something that was previously unknown.
“The investigation brought to light several issues with the company's practices.”
Meaning — To do something immediately and without hesitation.
“She is ready to travel at the drop of a hat.”
Meaning — Feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.
“The crowd was jubilant after their team won the championship.”
Meaning — To correct a misunderstanding or clarify facts.
“I need to set the record straight about what really happened that night.”
Meaning — To begin a new activity or hobby.
“He took up painting after retiring from his job.”