Grammar Reference

Quick-lookup tables — like a language cheat sheet. Click any topic to open its full lesson.

Parts of Speech

Topic	Definition	Examples
Noun	Naming word — person, place, thing, idea	Ahmed, Karachi, car, love
Pronoun	Replaces a noun	he, she, it, they, mine
Verb	Action or state	run, write, is, seem
Adjective	Describes a noun	big, honest, blue
Adverb	Describes a verb/adjective	quickly, very, well
Article	a / an / the	a book, an hour, the sun
Preposition	Position & relation	in, on, at, between
Conjunction	Joins words & clauses	and, but, because

Tense	Form	Use	Signal words	Example
Present Simple	subject + verb(-s)	habits, facts	always, every day	She works daily.
Present Continuous	am/is/are + -ing	happening now	now, at the moment	She is working now.
Present Perfect	have/has + 3rd form	past with result now	just, already, yet	She has finished.
Past Simple	verb + -ed / irregular	finished past actions	yesterday, last week	She worked yesterday.
Past Continuous	was/were + -ing	in progress in the past	while, when	She was working at 9.
Future (will / going to)	will + verb	decisions & predictions	tomorrow, next year	She will work tomorrow.